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Vietnam has a total population of 85 million and an estimated 300,000 persons living with HIV/AIDS. Based on sentinel surveillance data, approximately 0.44% of the population is HIV-infected. HIV prevalence rates vary considerably from province to province. Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) has by far the largest number of HIV-infected persons, which is estimated to be 50,000. Vietnam has a concentrated epidemic, with HIV transmission primarily occurring among populations at highest risk of infection, including injection drug users (representing 60% of all cases), commercial sex workers, and men who have sex with men. The highest HIV prevalence rates, which are attributable to injection drug use among young people, are in the northern provinces of Quang Ninh and Hai Phong.
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